XHTML

by Linda Quinn

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XHTML starts with standard HTML 4.01.
XML standards are applied to the HTML code.
All elements must be properly nested. (Well-formed).
All elements need end tags like </p>.
Tag names must be lower-case.

Basic XHTML Structure:

Empty elements end with "/>:

Line breaks     <br />
Rulers     <hr />
      <img src . . . />

Non-empty elements have a closing tag:

<p>This paragraph has a closing tag.</p>

Attribute values must be in quotes:

XHTML documents require a DOCTYPE and a NAMESPACE:

<!DOCTYPE doctype goes here >
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title> . . .</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

The DOCTYPE declaration [DTD] is not part of the XHTML dcocument and does not have a closing tag.
The DOCTYPE is required and must be the first line in the document.
Three DOCTYPES:
- STRICT
- TRANSITIONAL
- FRAMESET
The DTD defines the syntax allowed in the XHTML markup

STRICT DTD:
Used with CSS, since it avoids HTML formatting tags.

<!DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3/org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

TRANSITIONAL DTD:
Used with HTML formatting tags. Use with browsers that don't support CSS

<!DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3/org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

FRAMESET DTD:
Used with HTML frames

<!DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3/org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">

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This content was created by Linda Quinn of LQNet.

See http://www.lqnet.com for a great collection of articles on this and other topics.

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XHTML

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